The Purpose and Principle of Transformer Breathers

In power systems, transformers are crucial equipment used for voltage transformation to facilitate the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. However, transformers are susceptible to the influence of environmental humidity during operation, which can lead to damage to insulation materials and electrical equipment. To address this issue, transformer breathers have emerged.

Purpose:

Transformer breathers are primarily used to control the humidity inside transformers, preventing moisture from corroding insulation materials and causing electrical equipment failures. They absorb moisture from inside the transformer, converting it into liquid or solid form and preventing it from re-entering the transformer.

Principle:

The operation of transformer breathers typically relies on the processes of adsorption and desorption. Their structure usually contains desiccants such as silica gel or alumina, which can absorb moisture from the air. As moisture is absorbed, the humidity inside the breather decreases, preventing moisture from entering the transformer.

Types:

1. Activated Carbon Breathers: Utilize activated carbon as a desiccant, possessing strong moisture absorption capabilities and long-lasting effects.
2. Silica Gel Breathers: Silica gel is a commonly used desiccant that efficiently absorbs moisture and exhibits good stability and durability.
3. Alumina Breathers: Alumina has excellent moisture absorption properties and is widely used in transformer breathers.

Advantages:

1. Equipment Protection: Transformer breathers effectively protect the insulation materials and electrical equipment inside the transformer, extending their service life.
2. Increased Efficiency: By controlling the humidity inside the transformer, it can enhance its operational efficiency and performance stability.
3. Reduced Maintenance Costs: Using transformer breathers can decrease the frequency and cost of equipment maintenance, saving resources and manpower.

Conclusion:

Transformer breathers play a vital role in power systems, not only protecting transformers and electrical equipment but also improving system operational efficiency and stability. With ongoing technological advancements, transformer breathers are expected to have broader applications and demonstrate even better performance in the future.