Function of a transformer desiccator

The main function of a transformer desiccator (or moisture absorber) is to prevent excessive moisture buildup inside the transformer, which could impair the insulation performance and lead to damage. Desiccators are typically used in sealed oil-filled transformers. Below are its specific roles:

1. Moisture Absorption: The desiccator contains moisture-absorbing materials (such as silica gel, molecular sieves, etc.) that absorb water vapor from the air, keeping the interior of the transformer dry. Moisture can harm the transformer oil and insulation, possibly causing electrical faults or degradation.

2. Protecting the Insulation System: The transformer’s internal insulation materials, such as oil and paper, are highly sensitive to moisture. The presence of water reduces the insulation's effectiveness, potentially causing electrical breakdowns. The desiccator helps prevent this issue.

3. Extending Transformer Lifespan: Maintaining a dry environment inside the transformer can significantly extend its lifespan, as moisture is one of the leading causes of transformer failure.

4. Maintaining Oil Quality: The quality of transformer oil is crucial for heat dissipation and insulation. The desiccator removes moisture from the air, which helps keep the oil clean and stable.

In summary, a moisture absorber plays a critical role in transformer maintenance by ensuring safe operation, reducing failure rates, and prolonging the equipment's life.